Can God forget something? Wouldn’t He then cease to be omniscient (all-knowing)? Or is there an exception to this rule? Does God truly forgive and forget our sins? Someone asked me about this recently and I finally wrote a response.
First let’s look at two passages of Scripture in Hebrews:
“‘For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the Lord: I will put my laws into their minds, and write them on their hearts, and I will be their God, and they shall be my people. And they shall not teach, each one his neighbor and each one his brother, saying, ‘Know the Lord,’ for they shall all know me, from the least of them to the greatest. For I will be merciful toward their iniquities, and I will remember their sins no more.’” (Hebrews 8:10-12, ESV)
“And every priest stands daily at his service, offering repeatedly the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins. But when Christ had offered for all time a single sacrifice for sins, he sat down at the right hand of God, waiting from that time until his enemies should be made a footstool for his feet. For by a single offering he has perfected for all time those who are being sanctified. And the Holy Spirit also bears witness to us; for after saying, ‘This is the covenant that I will make with them after those days, declares the Lord: I will put my laws on their hearts, and write them on their minds,’ then he adds, ‘I will remember their sins and their lawless deeds no more.’” (Hebrews 10:11-17, ESV)
First of all, the passage in Hebrews 8:8b-12 is actually a direct quote from Jeremiah 31:31-34. The author of Hebrews is declaring the fulfillment of Jeremiah’s prophetic announcement of a new covenant, which differs from the Mosaic covenant which was in effect prior to Christ’s life, death, and resurrection. Verse 9 makes it clear that the new covenant in Christ is “not like the covenant that [God] made with their fathers.” The author of Hebrews makes this even clearer by saying in vs. 13, “In speaking of a new covenant, he makes the first one obsolete. And what is becoming obsolete and growing old is ready to vanish away.” It is thus clear that to return to the old covenant would be to try and do something that is no longer valid nor effective.
The Greek word used for “remember” in this passage is μνησθῶ (mnestho) meaning “I remember, keep in mind, think of, recollect, to be recalled or to return to one’s mind.”2 When God said, “I will remember their sins no more,” it’s as if He was saying, “I will not mention them again, I will never bring them into recollection or think of them ever again.”
In the second passage, a contrast is being made between Christ and the Levitical priesthood in vv. 11-12. The Levitical priest always stood, because his work was never finished. He daily had to sacrifice for the sins of himself and the people. In comparison, Christ offered one sacrifice for sins for all time and sat down at God’s right hand, indicating that His work is now finished and always will be – no further sacrifice is necessary. Paul confirms that we have entered into this new covenant in his letter to the Romans, where he writes in 2:15, “. . . they show that the requirements of the law are written on their hearts. . . .” The same verb is used in Hebrews 10:17 as in 8:12, indicating that God will not call into remembrance nor mention our sin anymore.
The Hebrew Old Testament has some insights on the subject as well:
“I, I am he who blots out your transgressions for my own sake, and I will not remember your sins.” (Isaiah 43:25, ESV)
“Therefore, I will surely forget you and cast you out of my presence along with the city I gave to you and your fathers.” (Jeremiah 23:39, NIV)
So does He really forget them or just choose not to think about them? Is an all-knowing God capable of forgetting anything? The Bible is full of seemingly impossible ideas for us to grasp, and this is no exception. We are told that God knows the past and the future, yet we often read that He “remembers” or “forgets” something. Is there a limit to God’s mental capacity? If God is capable of forgetting our sins against Him, does He expect us to forget others’ sins against us? Does the Bible teach us to “forgive and forget?”
To further understand what is being said, we will need to look at the Hebrew words being used in these passages, just as we examined the Greek in the passages above. Hebrew is what is called a “word-poor” language, thus most Hebrew words have a much wider scope of meaning than a similar English word can convey. In the above cases, the English usage doesn’t really fit the passages well at all, and we need the Hebraic definition in order to grasp the original intent of the text.
In English, our definition of the word "remember" focuses exclusively on the idea of recalling memories and bringing ideas to mind. To forget is to do the exact opposite – to fail to bring a certain memory to mind. Our concept is concerned entirely with mental activity and the presence or absence of information. So for us, remembering and forgetting is entirely a mental exercise.
In contrast, the Hebrew word זכר (zakar) has a much broader meaning than simply “to remember.” It includes both remembering and the actions that are taken because of remembering. It can often imply that a person did a favor for someone, helped them, or was faithful to a promise or covenant. This helps us to understand verses like the following:
“But God remembered Noah and all the beasts and all the livestock that were with him in the ark. And God made a wind blow over the earth, and the waters subsided.” (Genesis 8:1, ESV)
“Then God remembered Rachel, and God listened to her and opened her womb.” (Genesis 30:22, ESV)
If we simply understood זכר (zacar) in our English usage of the word “remember,” we would be lead to think that all of a sudden, God recalled that there was a boat floating around in the middle of the flood, and He felt that He should do something about it. But in this case, when God remembered Noah, He acted on His promise that Noah’s family and the animals would be rescued from the flood. In the second passage, God remembered Rachel by doing a favor for her, namely answering her prayer for a son. The verb is focused more on the actions of God rather than some sort of mental exercise.
Interestingly, the Hebrew words for forget, שׁכח (shakach) and נשׁה (nashah) are not exact opposites with זכר (zacar), to remember. To "forget" in Hebrew also means “to ignore, neglect, forsake, or willfully act in disregard to a person or covenant.” It is to act as if you have forgotten.1 Frequently the Bible says, "Do not forget the Lord yo
ur God" meaning, do not forsake Him – be loyal to Him. To "forget" usually has a negative connotation close to what the American slang term "to blow off" means today. For example:
“Take care, lest you forget the covenant of the Lord your God, which he made with you, and make a carved image, the form of anything that the Lord your God has forbidden you.” (Deuteronomy 4:23, ESV)
The idea is that they would willfully ignore the covenant, not necessarily forget that they made it in the first place. And in the passage discussed earlier (Jer. 23:39), when God says that He will "forget" his people, it means that He will reject them as His people, not lose their memory from His mind. When we read with an emphasis on action, rather than mental activity, it clarifies that God is not necessarily losing information from His mind. For instance:
“How long, O Lord? Will you forget me forever? How long will you hide your face from me?” (Psalm 13:1, ESV)
David is asking God, “How come you are ignoring my prayers and not intervening in my situation?” God doesn’t forget, but sometimes it might seem as though He does. Just to review, the verbs dealing with God “remembering” or “forgetting” are focused on His action, not on mental activity.
But can we demonstrate this same focus on action when it comes to remembering sins? Isn’t that the real topic at hand here? Well, of course! I’m glad you asked! The idea of "remembering sins" takes the idea of action and puts it under a negative light. It really contains the idea that God gives the person what he or she deserves for the sin – He will actually punish the sin, not just keep it on His mind. We can illustrate this Scripturally of course:
“They have deeply corrupted themselves as in the days of Gibeah: he will remember their iniquity; he will punish their sins.” (Hosea 9:9, ESV)
To "remember iniquity" is the same as to "punish their sin." These two phrases are immediately paralleled, implying that God will intervene to bring justice. So to not remember sins would then be to decide not to punish them:
“If the wicked restores the pledge, gives back what he has taken by robbery, and walks in the statutes of life, not doing injustice, he shall surely live; he shall not die. None of the sins that he has committed shall be remembered against him. He has done what is just and right; he shall surely live.” (Ezekiel 33:15, ESV)
The man who has been forgiven in the passage above will not have his sins "remembered against" him – implying that he will not be punished for them. Because the Hebrew focuses on the action rather than the thought, it doesn’t imply that God somehow has no memory of them in His infinite mind. It means that He has decided not to act upon them.
Interestingly, "forget" is almost never used in combination with sins. But the Bible does say often that God does "not remember" our sins, meaning that when He forgives, He chooses never to act on them.
The Hebraic idea of "remembering sins" really encompasses the idea of vengeance and punishment for them, not just knowing about them. When God says He will not remember our sins, He is deciding not to prosecute us for them. This can be very liberating in terms of understanding God’s expectations for us. Often we may struggle with a person who has hurt us repeatedly, and we wonder if forgiving them means pretending like they won’t hurt us again. Are we allowed to protect ourselves from being hurt again, even if we hope they’ll change? The idea that we can decide not to "remember" someone’s sins in terms of seeking revenge is very freeing, because it allows us to discern the difference between remembering with a heart of revenge, versus remembering in order to improve a situation.
Perhaps God’s infinite love really does remove our sins entirely from His infinite mind, or maybe He simply chooses not to punish us for them nor think of them. Either way, the message is the same for us: God loves you so much that He chooses not to think of your sin when He looks at you; instead He sees the perfect righteousness that has been imputed to you by His Son Jesus Christ, our Lord and Savior. Praise be to God! Hallelujah! Amen!
References
1Brown, F., Driver, S. & Briggs, C. (1906). The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company.
2Thayer, Joseph H. (1896). Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark.
3Scripture quotations marked (ESV) are from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version, copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a division of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
4Scripture quotations marked (NIV) are from the HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan Publishing House. All rights reserved.